ABSTRACT
Upper Gastro-Intestinal Bleeding (UGIB) is one of the common complaints with which patients present to casualty. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aetiological spectrum of UGIB is variable in different geographical regions. Our study aimed to analyse the aetiology, endoscopic profile, mortality, Rockall score and predictors of mortality in patients with UGIB, in North East India. METHODSThis cross-sectional study was conducted at Assam Medical College and Hospital in North East India. We enrolled patients with age 12 years and above, who were admitted between July 2019 and January 2020 with a history suggestive of UGIB. Demographic data of the patients was collected, after which they underwent clinical examination, and upper GI endoscopy. Mean ± standard deviation was used to express continuous variables. Frequency and percentage were used to express categorical variables. Test of significance for qualitative data was assessed by Chi-square test (for 2 x 2 tables). P value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTSWe analysed 117 patients diagnosed with UGIB [80.34 % male, 19.60 % female], ratio of male to female of [4.08:1] was seen. The most common symptom was melena 87 patients (74.15 %), endoscopy finding showed that 48.71 % had oesophageal and / or gastric varices, 26.49 % had peptic ulcers, 17.94 % had gastric erosions / duodenal erosions / erosive gastritis, 1.7 % had Mallory-Weiss tear, 1.7 % had gastric malignancy, 1.7 % had GJ stoma bleed, 1.7 % had both oesophageal varices and peptic ulcer disease. Partial gastric outlet obstruction was observed in peptic ulcer disease in 2 patients (6.45 % of total peptic ulcer disease patients). 73.75 % patients had Rockall score < 5 and 26.49 % patients had Rockall score > 6. H. pylori infection (assessed by RUT) was an independent predictor of upper GI bleed in both variceal and non-variceal bleed [p < 0.001]. The mortality in our study was 7.69 %. Predictors of mortality in the study population were, patients with variceal bleed [p = < 0.001], Rockall score > 6 [p = 0.013], and chronic liver disease [p < 0.001]. The average duration of hospital admission of the study population is about 4.6 + / - 0.4 days. CONCLUSIONSThe study reported oesophageal varices was the most common cause of UGIB, followed by peptic ulcer in North East India. H. pylori was an independent predictor of both variceal and non-variceal bleed. Partial gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) was one of the common benign complication of peptic ulcer disease. Variceal bleed, Rockall score > 6, chronic liver disease were predictors of mortality.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente trabajo es dar a conocer algunas características de los viajes de pesca, esfuerzo, captura, peces objetivos, áreas de pesca y captura incidental obtenida a partir de observadores a bordo y bitácoras de pesca. El 85% de los lances se produjeron en los primeros 574 Km de distancia a la costa (309 millas náuticas). El lance más distante estuvo a 1320 Km (712 millas náuticas). Se lanzaron 382000 anzuelos para perico, en 224 lances y 29 viajes de pesca, 94.6% de la captura en peso fue de perico, 2.7% de tiburón azul (Prionace glauca) y 1.3% de diamante (Isurus oxyrinchus). Además, 103790 anzuelos capturaron tiburón, en 109 lances y 12 viajes de pesca, 81,9% de la captura en peso fue de tiburón azul y 16.8% de diamante. La Captura por Unidad de Esfuerzo (CPUE) para perico mostró diferencias significativas entre estaciones, con un máximo entre noviembre y enero. En lo que refiere a tiburón, la CPUE por estaciones también mostró diferencias significativas, los meses con mayores capturas fueron setiembre y octubre. La tortuga verde, Chelonia mydas agassizii, fue la más capturada y dos de cada tres fueron juveniles. Todas las tortugas cabezonas, Caretta caretta, fueron juveniles. Se reporta la captura de un petrel y al parecer, la captura de mamíferos sería escasa. Considerando el gran esfuerzo de esta pesquería, existe la necesidad de monitorearla para contar con información que permita establecer las correspondientes medidas de manejo.
The aims of this study is to report some characteristics of fishing trips, effort, catches, fishing areas and bycatch through observations on board and logbooks. 85% of sets were in the first 574 Km of distance from the coast (309 nautical miles). Farthest set was located at 1320 Km (712 nautical miles). A total of 382000 hooks were used to catch Mahi mahi, in 224 sets and 29 fishing trips, 94.6% of catch was Mahi mahi, 2.7% blue shark (Prionace glauca) y 1,3% mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus). Also, 103790 hooks were used to catch sharks, in 109 sets y 12 trips, 81.9% of catch was blue sharks and 16.8% mako sharks. Catch per Unit of Effort (CPUE) for Mahi mahi shows significative difference among seasons; with a peak from November to January. CPUE for shark shows significative difference among seasons, with peaks in September and October. The Green turtle Chelonia mydas agassizii was the most caugth species and two of three were juveniles. All Loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta, caught were juveniles. A petrel is reported as bycatch and, probably, mammal bycatch is scarce. Considering the huge effort of this fishery, it is important to monitor it and establish management actions.
ABSTRACT
The dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), is an oceanic epipelagic fish found worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters, with a high dispersal capability via large-scale migrations. This fast-swimming top-level predator is abundant in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, where it is caught incidentally by artisanal fisheries, and represents a target species for both recreational and commercial fisheries in Mexico, Ecuador, Peru and Central America. Nowadays, local fishery information on this species is scarce, thus our objective was to analyze the size structure by sex and the catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) tendency of dolphinfish caught in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, from 2000 to 2007. For this, fishery catches information was obtained from the artisanal fleet, at six landing sites in the Gulf, and the sex ratio, fork length (FL) and the catch per unit effort (CPUE) were estimated. From all sampling sites, a total of 3 494 females, and 3 877 males were obtained, and dolphinfish size as fork length (FL) ranged from 20.5 to 152cm. Fish size ranged from 25.5 to 148cm furcal length (FL) in males, and 20.5 to 129cm FL in females. The sex ratio (males:females) was 1:1, except in April-May (1:1.5, p<0.05) and November (1:0.5, p<0.05). The sex ratio at different size classes showed a significant bias towards females at smaller sizes (<75cm FL), whereas the males were predominant in larger size classes (>100cm FL). The size structure was bimodal, with a variation in the size average; the modes were defined as the small group (FL=50-55cm) and the large size group (FL=100-110cm). The CPUE showed seasonal changes: values were high for the November-December period, and values were lower for July-August. The seasonal and inter annual variation in the abundance of dolphinfish is probably related to a pre-spawning migration in close relation to the rain-drought regime characteristic of the region, and the associated wind upwelling season of Tehuanos in the Gulf of Tehuantepec. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (2): 611-626. Epub 2014 June 01.
El dorado Coryphaena hippurus es un depredador oceánico epipelágico que se distribuye en aguas tropicales y subtropicales de todos los océanos. Son peces con alta capacidad de dispersión por su migración a gran escala. El Golfo de Tehuantepec es una de las áreas de mayor abundancia de C. hippurus, donde se registran capturas incidentales en la pesca artesanal y sostiene pesquerías recreacionales y comerciales de pequeña escala en México, Ecuador, Perú y Centroamérica. Aquí se analizan los cambios inter-anuales en la estructura de tallas por sexo del dorado durante 2000-2007, así como la tendencia de la captura por unidad de esfuerzo (CPUE) de dorado efectuada por la flota ribereña. Los resultados están basados en 3 494 hembras y 3 877 machos capturados por pesca artesanal en 6 localidades del Pacífico Sur provenientes de muestreos mensuales. Se estimó la CPUE a partir del número de organismos capturados por viaje de pesca. Los machos pre- sentaron tallas entre 25.5 a 148cm de longitud furcal (Lf), mientras que en hembras las tallas registradas fueron de 20.5 a 129cm Lf. La proporción de sexos mostró patrones estacionales a lo largo del año y diferencias con respecto de Lf, a tallas pequeñas predominaron las hembras (<75cm FL) y a tallas grandes los machos (>100cm Lf). La estructura de Lf mostró una tendencia bimodal, con una variación en la Lf promedio de 2000 a 2007; las modas estuvieron definidas como el grupo de tamaño pequeño (Lf=50-55cm) y el grupo de tamaño grande (Lf=100 a 110cm). La CPUE tuvo cambios estacionales: los periodos más altos se registraron en noviembre-diciembre y mayo; los más bajos en julio-agosto. La variación estacional e interanual en la abundancia del dorado probablemente se encuentre relacionada con una migración pre desove, en estrecha relación con el régimen lluvias-estiaje característico de la región, y la temporada de surgencias eólicas asociadas a la temporada de Tehuanos en el Golfo de Tehuantepec.